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Jama Masjid Sambhal: A Case That Raises Questions Beyond Law

The Jama Masjid in Sambhal, Uttar Pradesh, has been at the center of a legal and cultural debate after the Babri Masjid case.

 

 It was hoped that the Ayodhya-Babri Masjid judgment, despite its legal flaws and shoddy reasoning, would put a closure to the mandir-masjid disputes once and for all. Perhaps this hope also led the Supreme Court to allow the Ram Mandir construction, despite finding that there was no conclusive evidence of any pre-existing temple beneath the Babri Masjid and declaring that the installation of idols inside the mosque in 1949 and the destruction of the mosque in 1992 were illegal. Probably, the Court intended this as a “one-time measure” because it categorically stated that historical wrongs by medieval rulers can’t be corrected by the present-day legal regime. More importantly, the 5-judge bench also upheld the Constitutional validity of the Places Of Worship (Special Provisions) Act, 1991(PoW Act) as it was the fulfilment of the State’s “constitutional obligations to uphold the equality of all religions and secularism which is a part of the basic features of the Constitution. The Court observed that the PoW Act reflected the message that “history and its wrongs shall not be used as instruments to oppress the present and the future.” 

The controversy stems from claims that the Jama Masjid mosque, constructed during the Mughal period, was built after demolishing a pre-existing Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Harihar. Such disputes echo larger historical narratives surrounding the construction of religious sites during India’s Mughal era.

On 19th November, a court-mandated survey was conducted at Jama Masjid in Sambhal, Uttar Pradesh. The court ordered the survey in response to a petition filed by Supreme Court Advocate Vishnu Shankar Jain, and seven co-plaintiffs, asserting that the mosque occupies the site of a temple dedicated to Bhagwan Kalki.

Destructuring the petition:

In the petition, it has been asserted that the Jama Masjid in Sambhal was constructed on the centuries-old Shri Hari Har Temple, dedicated to Bhagwan Kalki and destroyed by Babar. The petitioners added that the site holds significant religious importance for Hindus and was forcibly and unlawfully converted into a mosque during the Mughal period. The petitioners further argued that it is a centrally protected monument as per the Ancient Monuments Preservation Act of 1904 and is listed as a monument of national importance by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).       

Some key points from the petition:

-ASI has not done anything to maintain the property and members of the Muslim community have taken advantage and captured the entire property.               

-Some people have formed a Committee known as Intezamia Shahi Jama Masjid Committee and are not NOT allowing any person in public to access the property. Vishnu Jain himself was not allowed to freely enter in August.

-Mosque side is preventing even ASI to control it                                               

– Mosque side has locked a portion of the property without any right to do so.

They further contended that, being devotees of Bhagwan Vishnu and Bhagwan Shiv, they have the right to access the temple for worship and homage. They asserted that the right to worship has been denied by the mosque’s management committee. Furthermore, they also accused the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) of failing to fulfil its statutory duty to ensure public access to the site. They cited Section 18 of the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958, while seeking access to the site.

The petitioners emphasised that the current situation infringes upon their constitutional right to practise their religion and called for immediate action to restore public access to the site.

Backed up Evidences:

Furthermore, the petition mentioned that during the reign of Akbar, the Ain-i-Akbari was written, which also referred to a prominent temple in Sambhal named Hari Mandir. The text described the temple as being dedicated to Bhagwan Vishnu and the prophesied birthplace of Bhagwan Kalki’s avatar. It further highlighted that the temple held importance during Akbar’s time, suggesting that Hindus had temporarily reclaimed the site before subsequent Mughal interventions.

Ain-i-Akbari read, “There is game in plenty in the Sarkar of Sambel (Sambhal), where the rhinoceros is found.! It is an animal like a small elephant, without a trunk, and having a horn on its snout with which it attacks animals. From its skin, shields are made and from the horn, finger-guards for bow-strings and the like. In the city of Sambal is a temple called Hari Mandal (the temple of Vishnu) belonging to a Brahman, from among whose descendants the tenth avatar will appear in this spot. Hansi is an ancient, the resting-place of Jamal the successor of Shaikh Farid-i-Shakar ganj.“

According to the petition, several archaeological surveys were conducted in Sambhal during 1874–76 by Major-General A. Cunningham, who was the Director General of the ASI. He wrote a report titled “Tours in the Central Doab and Gorakhpur”, which mentioned the architectural elements of the temple that survived the conversion.

Some parts of the book on Sambhal read, “The principal building in Sambhal is the Jami Masjid, which the Hindus claim to have been originally the temple of Hari Mandir. It consists of a central domed room upwards to 20 feet square, with two wings of unequal length, that to the north being 500 feet 6 inches, while the southern wing is only 38 feet 1 1⁄2 inches. Each wing has three arched openings in front, which are all of different widths, varying from 7 feet to 8 feet.”

24 November, 24

Violence erupted in Sambhal after a court-ordered survey at Jama Masjid, as Islamists gathered and started pelting stones at the police. They resorted to arson and clashed with the police present at the scene. The police had to resort to tear gas and baton charge to control the Islamist mob. Several vehicles were set ablaze in the area, and stone pelting continued for hours.

The survey was carried out under the supervision of Advocate Commission. A heavy police force was deployed in the area to ensure the survey proceeded peacefully.

The developments started at around 6:30 AM when a team, including the District Magistrate and Superintendent of Police, arrived at the mosque to conduct the survey. A mob of around 2,000 Muslims gathered outside the mosque and demanded the survey to be stopped.

When the police tried to intervene, the mob started pelting stones, which forced the authorities to retreat briefly. Sources at the site of the incident said that SDM and PRO of SP Sambhal were among the injured as Islamists allegedly attacked the police. Several vehicles belonging to Sambhal police were set ablaze by the Islamist mob. Furthermore, the sources said that Islamists from nearby areas also reached Jama Masjid and joined the mob.

During the survey, however, Muslims living in the area gathered outside the Jama Masjid and raised religious slogans. The District Magistrate of Sambhal confirmed that the survey was completed in around two hours and stated that a report would be submitted to the Civil Court, which will review it on the next date of hearing, 29th November 2024.

Meanwhile, All India Muslim Jamaat Chief Shahbuddin Razvi Barelvi appealed to the minority community in Sambhal to maintain peace and tranquillity, and not to indulge in vandalism and stop stone pelting.

Kakanmath Temple, Morena

Kakanmath Temple, Morena

Kakanmaṭh is a ruined 11th century Shiva temple located at Sihoniya in Madhya Pradesh, India. It was built by the Kachchhapaghata ruler Kirttiraja during 1015 – 1035 AD. Only a part of the original temple complex now survives. Some of the sculptures from the site are now located at Gwalior.

The temple is located in the interior of a small village called Sihoniya, which is approximately 65 north of Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh. The presence of this temple influences the surrounding and the village because of it being a popular place to visit. When one holds the eye on the structure, they may fail to believe that so many stone slabs together piled up forming this mighty structure.

Upon entering the temple on the right side at a raised area there lies this structure which is surrounded by many subparts, which are broken. The pieces are scattered all over the raised land, and it also becomes difficult to reach it. As the terrain is not plain and there lies big holes and stone slabs kept in an unjust manner.

There is a shivling present near the structure. The base is partially broken as seen in the image below. It is on a raised platform with some stone slabs kept on top of each other. 

There are hundreds of small stone slabs, all broken and destroyed. These are just kept piled up on top of each other, the visuals below are from the surrounding of the above garbhagriha.

The tall structure stands still, a true marvellous creation seen upon looking closer it feels that the structure might fall down anytime. At the back side of the main temple there are few rods and support are seen which makes the structure stable from the back side.

These corridors, finely structured with necessary gaps, are quite a piece of architecture. The open sky on top of the temple and these pillars represent beauty. The entire structure is relying on the placements of the stone, and there are no additional cements or any other material used.

Upon climbing the stairs this view opens up to the eyes of the viewers, one might feel inferior in front of these mighty pillars. The dark opening which can be seen below is the main shrine of the temple.

 

This is the center of the pathway to the main shrine and there is a wide opening which is open to the sky. The pillars and stone slabs just balanced on the geometry basis are indeed very captivating and become hard to believe when seen. 

The entrance to the main shrine is on an elevated platform.

The outer portion of the main shrine is engraved with such beautiful stone architecture and portrays the level of architecture that existed back in time, though most of them were broken during invasions but as the time has also passed there condition still remains worth setting as examples. The details and the finishes are astonishing.

There is a single shivling in the main Garbhagriha of the temple, it also consists of the snake around the ling’s neck.

A complete circle around the main garbhagriha consists of these marvel sculptures which are present throughout.

Behind the main garbhagriha there are few rods and supports which are helping the structure to stand and these are just kept in support of some slabs lying there on the floor.


The beautiful sculptures surround the temple and every detail becomes a must see for the visitors. With such precision and absolute skill the artisans might have carved it but it has been mercilessly destroyed during the invasions.


There is a void at a raised section in one of the walls, and it would be possible that there was another marvel sculpture which might have been broken or looted.


The structure of the temple standing at 115 feet and evidently seen as heavily decorated represents nothing but the great Indian Architecture and the quality carvings done.


The mighty pillars surely are a majestic and marvellous creation, by looking at these pictures it is clearly understood the amount of labour and funds it would have taken to create this.

These pictures represent the walls of the outer side of the monument and every bit of it is covered with sculptures and carvings like these, take a moment to please your eyes with these awe spiring visuals. 

We must not forget that the temple is still lying in ruins and needs necessary adjustments and renovation to be done for the safety of the visitors. The stone slabs are just adjusted with the help of basic balance and geometry and there is no fixed cement or liquid which holds it up.

Most of the structures are in pieces and when looking it can be understood there are so many unidentified pieces which need to be kept in their proper place.

There is a mighty gate present approx. to 30m distance from the main stairs of the big structure.

The temple is listed under ASI, there is a pandit and a caretaker who takes care of the temple premises, and there is just ordinary ritual conducted by the pandit.

At the entrance there is an empty space for parking, the road to the temple is not maintained and everyday there are local visitors seen in the premises of the temple. Astonishing fact is that overall the structure of the temple looks like it could fall anytime even with slightest of breeze but is evidently standing strong and it surely needs some renovation for the safety of the visitors and the deity. Th sculptures are not arranged properly and these need to be kept in order.

There are hundreds of unidentified broken slaps and sculptures surrounded in the main premises of the temple.

There is a well which is quite deep in the premises as well as an office which is mostly closed.

The condition of the temple is just at the edge of being somehow existing but it surely needs some genuine fixations along with the presence of strong administration.

Punjab

List of Masjids in Punjab which was built by destroying Hindu temples

LIST OF MOSQUES IN PUNJAB WHICH WERE BUILT AFTER DEMOLISHING THE HINDU TEMPLES

We give below, state-wise and district-wise, the particulars of Muslim monuments which stand on the sites and/or have been built with the materials of Hindu temples, and which we wish to recall as witnesses to the role of Islam as a religion and the character of Muslim rule in medieval India. The list is the result of a preliminary survey. Many more Muslim monuments await examination. Local traditions which have so far been ignored or neglected have to be tapped on a large scale.
We have tried our best to be exact in respect of locations, names and dates of the monuments mentioned. Even so, some mistakes and confusions may have remained. It is not unoften that different sources provide different dates and names for the same monument. Many Muslim saints are known by several names, which create confusion in identifying their mazars or dargahs. Some districts have been renamed or newly, created and a place which was earlier under one district may have been included in another. We shall be grateful to readers who point out these mistakes so that they can be corrected in our major study. This is only a brief summary.

Sita Ram Goel
It should be kept in mind that the list below doesn’t include all the temples destroyed by Muslims and converted to mosques. The below is the list of mosques and Dargahs where evidences exists of having been made after destroying the temples at these locations. In many mosques, Muslim rulers were able to eradicate all signs of temples, and hence not given in below list.
Anyone is free to visit the below list of mosques and see the remnants and materials of Hindu temples used in their construction. Archaeological Survey of India should conduct an excavation of below mosques to find out more about the ancient temples in these locations and possible mass graves around the mosque sites.

I. BHATINDA DISTRICT
1. Mazar of Baba Haji Rattan (1593). Converted temple.
II. GURDASPUR DISTRICT
Batala
2. Jami Masjid. Temple site.
III. JALANDHAR DISTRICT
Sultanpur
3. Badshahi Sarai. Built on the site of a Buddhist Vihara.
IV. LUDHIANA DISTRICT
4. Dargah and Masjid of Ali Sarmast (1570). Temple site.
5. Qazi-ki-Masjid (1517). Temple site.
V. PATIALA DISTRICT
Bahadurgarh
6. Masjid in the Fort (1666). Temple site.
Bawal
7. Masjid (1560). Temple site.
Samana
8. Sayyidon-ki-Masjid (1495). Temple site.
9. Jami Masjid (1614-15). Temple site.
10. Masjid near Imambara (1637). Temple site.
11. Pirzada-ki-Masjid (1647). Temple site.
VI. ROPAR DISTRICT
12. Jami Masjid. Temple site.
VII. SANGRUR DISTRICT
Sunam
13. Qadimi Masjid (1414). Temple site.
14. Ganj-i-Shahidan. Temple site.

EVIDENCE IS AVAILABLE THAT IN PUNJAB THE ABOVE MENTIONED MOSQUES AND DARGAHS WERE CONSTRUCTED BY DESTROYING HINDU TEMPLES. BUT IN MANY OTHER CASES MUSLIMS SUCCEEDED IN REMOVING ALL TRACES OF TEMPLES FROM THE MOSQUES. IN SUCH CASES ONLY AN EXCAVATION BY ASI WILL REVEAL THE DESTROYED TEMPLES.
WHILE MUSLIMS ASK FOR REBUILDING THE ILLEGAL MOSQUE IN AYODHYA, WHY SHOULD NOT HINDUS DEMAND THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE DESTROYED TEMPLES IN INDIA?

Madhya Pradesh

List of Masjids in Madhya Pradesh which was built by destroying Hindu temples

LIST OF MOSQUES IN MADHYA PRADESH WHICH WERE BUILT AFTER DEMOLISHING THE HINDU TEMPLES

We give below, state-wise and district-wise, the particulars of Muslim monuments which stand on the sites and/or have been built with the materials of Hindu temples, and which we wish to recall as witnesses to the role of Islam as a religion and the character of Muslim rule in medieval India. The list is the result of a preliminary survey. Many more Muslim monuments await examination. Local traditions which have so far been ignored or neglected have to be tapped on a large scale.
We have tried our best to be exact in respect of locations, names and dates of the monuments mentioned. Even so, some mistakes and confusions may have remained. It is not unoften that different sources provide different dates and names for the same monument. Many Muslim saints are known by several names, which create confusion in identifying their mazars or dargahs. Some districts have been renamed or newly, created and a place which was earlier under one district may have been included in another. We shall be grateful to readers who point out these mistakes so that they can be corrected in our major study. This is only a brief summary.

Sita Ram Goel
It should be kept in mind that the list below doesn’t include all the temples destroyed by Muslims and converted to mosques. The below is the list of mosques and Dargahs where evidences exists of having been made after destroying the temples at these locations. In many mosques, Muslim rulers were able to eradicate all signs of temples, and hence not given in below list.
Anyone is free to visit the below list of mosques and see the remnants and materials of Hindu temples used in their construction. Archaeological Survey of India should conduct an excavation of below mosques to find out more about the ancient temples in these locations and possible mass graves around the mosque sites.

I. BETUL DISTRICT
Pattan
1. Dargah of Sulaiman Shah. Temple site.
Umri
2. Dargah of Rahman Shah. Temple site.
II. BHOPAL DISTRICT
Berasia 
3. Masjid (1716). Temple site.
Bhopal
4. Jami Masjid built by Qudsia Begum. Sabhamandala Temple site.
III. BILASPUR DISTRICT
Khimlasa
5. Dargah of Panch Pir. Temple site.
6. Nagina Mahal. Temple site.
7. Idgah. Temple site.
8. Masjid with three domes. Temple site.
IV. DAMOH DISTRICT
9. Dargah of Ghazi Mian. Temple site.
10. Fort. Temple materials used.
V. DEWAS DISTRICT
Dewas
11. Masjid (1562). Temple site.
12. Masjid (1705). Temple site.
13. Masjid (1707). Temple site.
Gandhawal
14. Graveyard inside the village. Jain Temple materials used.
Sarangpur
15. Madrasa (1493). Temple site.
16. Jami Masjid (1640). Temple site.
17. Pir Jan-ki-Bhati Masjid. Temple site.
18. Fort. Temple materials used.
Unchod
19. Idgah (1681). Temple site.
VI. DHAR DISTRICT
Dhar
Capital of Raja Bhoja Paramara converted into a Muslim capital. The following Muslim monuments tell their own story:
20. Kamal Maula Masjid. Temple materials used.
21. Lat Masjid (1405). Jain Temple materials used.
22. Mazar of Abdullah Shah Changal. Temple site.
Mandu
An ancient Hindu city converted into a Muslim capital and the following monuments built on the sites of and/or with materials from temples
23. Jami Masjid (1454).
24. Dilawar Khan-ki-Masjid (1405).
25. Chhoti Jami Masjid.
26. Pahredaron-ki-Masjid (1417).
27. Malik Mughis-ki-Masjid.
28. Maqbara of Hushang Shah.
29. Jahaz Mahal.
30. Tawil Mahal.
31. Nahar Jharokha.
32. Hindola Mahal.
33. Rupmati Pavilion.
34. Ashrafi Mahal.
35. Dai-ki-Chhoti Bahen-ka-Mahal.
36. Baz Bahadur-ka-Mahal.
37. Nilkanth Mahal.
38. Chhappan Mahal.
39. Fort and Gates.
40. Gada-Shah-ka-Mahal.
41. Hammam Complex.
VII. DHOLPUR DISTRICT
Bari
42. Masjid (1346 or 1351). Temple site.
VIII. EAST NIMAR DISTRICT
Bhadgaon
43. Jami Masjid (1328). Temple site.
Jhiri
44. Masjid (1581). Temple site.
Khandwa
45. Masjid (1619-20). Temple site.
IX. GUNA DISTRICT
Chanderi
Muslim city built from the ruins of the old or Budhi Chanderi nearby. The following
monuments stand on the sites of temples and/or have temple materials used in them:
46. Masjid (1392).
47. Moti Masjid.
48. Jami Masjid.
49. Panchmuhnda Masjid.
50. Qurbani Chabutra.
51. Dargah of Mewa Shah.
52. Mazar known as Bada Madrasa.
53. Mazar known as Chhota Madrasa.
54. Raja-ka-Maqbara.
55. Rani-ka-Maqbara.
56. Battisi Baodi Masjid (1488).
57. Hathipur-ki-Masjid (1691).
58. Mazar of Shykh Burhanud-Din.
59. Fort.
60. Kushk Mahal.
61. Idgah (1495).
Pipari
62. Masjid (1451). Temple site.
Shadoragaon
63. Jami Masjid (1621-22). Temple site.
X. GWALIOR DISTRICT
Gwalior
64. Dargah of Muhammad Ghaus. Temple site.
65. Jami Masjid near Gujari Mahal. Temple site.
66. Masjid near Ganesh Gate. Gawalipa Temple site.
67. Graveyards on east and west of the Fort. Temple sites.
Jajao
68. Lal Patthar-ki-Masjid, Temple materials used.
Mundrail
69. Several Masjids (1504). Temple sites.
Sipri
70. Several Masjids and Mazars. Temple materials used.
XI. INDORE DISTRICT
Depalpur
71. Masjid (1670). Temple site.
Maheshwar 
72. ShahI Masjid. Temple site.
73. Fort. Temple materials used.
Mehdipur
74. Mazar of Godar Shah. Temple site.
75. Fort. Temple materials used.
Sanwar
76. Masjid (1674). Temple site.
XII. MANDSAUR DISTRICT
Kayampur
77. Masjid (1676). Temple site.
78. Idgah (1701-02). Temple site.
Mandsaur
79. Jami Masjid. Temple materials used.
80. Fort. Temple materials used.
Rampura
81. Padshahi Baodi. Temple materials used.
XIII. MORENA DISTRICT
Alapur
82. Masjid (1561-62). Temple site.
83. Masjid (1586-87). Temple site.
84. Masjid (1697-98). Temple site.
XIV. PANNA DISTRICT
Ajaigarh
85. Fort. Temple materials used.
Nachna
86. Masjid. Converted temple.
XV. RAISEN DISTRICT
Palmyka
87. Mandir-Masjid. Temple materials used.
XVI. RAJGARH DISTRICT
Khujner
88. Mazar of Dawal Shah. Temple materials used.
XVII. RATLAM DISTRICT
Barauda
89. Masjid (1452-56). Temple site.
XVIII. SAGAR DISTRICT
Dhamoni
90. Dargah of Bal Jati Shah (1671). Temple site.
Kanjia
91. Khan Sahib-ki-Masjid (1594-95). Temple site.
92. Idgah (1640). Temple site.
93. Alamgiri Masjid (1703). Temple site.
94. Qala-ki-Masjid (1643). Temple site.
Khimlasa
95. Panch Pir. Temple site.
XIX. SEHORE DISTRICT
96. Masjid (1332). Temple site.
XX. SHAJAPUR DISTRICT
Agartal
97. Masjid. Temple site.
XXI. SHIVPURI DISTRICT
Narod
98. Zanzari Masjid. Temple site.
Narwar
99. Dargah of Shah Madar. Temple site.
100. Jami Masjid (1509). Temple materials used.
101. Masjid inside Havapaur Gate (1509). Temple site.
Pawaya
102. Fort. Temple materials used.
103. Several other Muslim monuments. Temple materials used.
Ranod
104. Masjid (1331-32). Temple site.
105. Masjid (1441). Temple site.
106. Masjid (1633). Temple site.
107. Masjid (1640). Temple site.
Shivpuri
108. Jami Masjid (1440). Temple site.
XXII. UJJAIN DISTRICT
Barnagar
109. Masjid (1418). Temple site.
Ujjain
110. Jami Masjid known as Bina-niv-ki-Masjid (1403-04). Temple site.
111. Masjid unearthed near Chaubis Khamba Gate. Temple materials used.
112. MochI Masjid. Converted temple.
XXIII. VIDISHA DISTRICT
Basoda
113. Masjid (1720-21). Temple site.
Bhonrasa
114. Qalandari Masjid. Temple materials used.
115. Jagirdar-ki-Masjid (1683). Temple site.
116. Badi Masjid in Bada Bagh (1685). Temple site.
117. Bandi Bagh-ki-Masjid. Temple site.
118. Bara-Khamba Masjid. Temple site.
119. Ek-Khamba Masjid. Temple site.
120. Bina-niv-ki-Masjid. Temple site.
121. Graveyard in Bandi Bagh. Amidst temple ruins.
122. Idgah. Temple site.
123. Fort (1594). Temple materials used.
Parasari
124. Masjid (1694-95). Temple site.
Renkla
125. Masjid. (1647-48). Temple site.
Shamsabad
126. Masjid (1641). Temple site.
Sironj
127. Alamgiri Masjid (1662-63). Temple site.
128. Masjid in Mahalla Rakabganj (1657-58). Temple site.
129. Dargah of Shykh Sahib (d.1657). Temple site.
Tal
130. Masjid (1644-45). Temple site.
Udaypur
131. Masjid (1336). Temple materials used.
132. Masjid built by Aurangzeb. Temple materials used.
133. Moti Masjid (1488-89). Temple site.
134. Masjid (1549). Temple site.
135. Two Masjids of Shah Jahan. Temple sites.
136. Masjid of Jahangir. Temple site.
Vidisha
137. Alamgiri or Vijaimandal Masjid (1682). Converted temple.
138. Masjid on Lohangi Hill (1457). Temple site.
139. Shah Jahani Masjid (1650-51). Temple site.
140. City Wall. Temple materials used
XXIV. WEST NIMAR DISTRICT
Asirgarh
141. Jami Masjid (1584). Temple site.
142. Masjid built in the reign of Shah Jahan. Temple site.
143. Idgah (1588-89). Temple site.
144. Fort. Temple materials used.
Bhikangaon
145. Idgah (1643-44). Temple site.
Baidia
146. Masjid (1456-57). Temple site.
Burhanpur
147. Jami Masjid (1588-89). Temple site.
148. Bibi Sahib-ki-Masjid. Temple site.
149. Shah Masud-ki-Masjid (1582-83). Temple site.
150. Dargah and Masjid of Shah Bahaud- Din Bajan. Temple site.
151. Dargah of Sufi Nur Shah. Temple site.

EVIDENCE IS AVAILABLE THAT IN MADHYA PRADESH THE ABOVE MENTIONED MOSQUES AND DARGAHS WERE CONSTRUCTED BY DESTROYING HINDU TEMPLES. BUT IN MANY OTHER CASES MUSLIMS SUCCEEDED IN REMOVING ALL TRACES OF TEMPLES FROM THE
MOSQUES. IN SUCH CASES ONLY AN EXCAVATION BY ASI WILL REVEAL THE DESTROYED TEMPLES.
WHILE MUSLIMS ASK FOR REBUILDING THE ILLEGAL MOSQUE IN AYODHYA, WHY SHOULD NOT HINDUS DEMAND THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE DESTROYED TEMPLES IN INDIA?

Lakshadweep

List of Masjids in Lakshadweep which was built by destroying Hindu temples

LIST OF MOSQUES IN LAKSHADWEEP WHICH WERE BUILT AFTER DEMOLISHING THE HINDU TEMPLES

We give below, state-wise and district-wise, the particulars of Muslim monuments which stand on the sites and/or have been built with the materials of Hindu temples, and which we wish to recall as witnesses to the role of Islam as a religion and the character of Muslim rule in medieval India. The list is the result of a preliminary survey. Many more Muslim monuments await examination. Local traditions which have so far been ignored or neglected have to be tapped on a large scale.
We have tried our best to be exact in respect of locations, names and dates of the monuments mentioned. Even so, some mistakes and confusions may have remained. It is not unoften that different sources provide different dates and names for the same monument. Many Muslim saints are known by several names, which create confusion in identifying their mazãrs or dargãhs. Some districts have been renamed or newly, created and a place which was earlier under one district may have been included in another. We shall be grateful to readers who point out these mistakes so that they can be corrected in our major study. This is only a brief summary.

Sita Ram Goel
It should be kept in mind that the list below doesn’t include all the temples destroyed by Muslims and converted to mosques. The below is the list of mosques and Dargahs where evidences exists of having been made after destroying the temples at these locations. In many mosques, Muslim rulers were able to eradicate all signs of temples, and hence not given in below list.
Anyone is free to visit the below list of mosques and see the remnants and materials of Hindu temples used in their construction. Archaeological Survey of India should conduct an excavation of below mosques to find out more about the ancient temples in these locations and possible mass graves around the mosque sites.

Kalpeni
1. Muhiud-Din-Palli Masjid. Temple site.
Kavarati
2. Prot-Palli Masjid. Temple site.

ABOVE TWO MUSLIM STRUCTURES WERE CONSTRUCTED BY DESTROYING HINDU TEMPLES. FACT FINDING MISSIONS ARE DIFFICULT IN LAKSHADWEEP AS ALMOST ALL THE POPULATION THERE ARE MUSLIMS.
WHILE MUSLIMS ASK FOR REBUILDING THE ILLEGAL MOSQUE IN AYODHYA, WHY SHOULD NOT HINDUS DEMAND THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE DESTROYED TEMPLES IN INDIA?

Kashmir

List of Masjids in Kashmir which was built by destroying Hindu temples

LIST OF MOSQUES IN KASHMIR WHICH WERE BUILT AFTER DEMOLISHING THE HINDU TEMPLES

We give below, state-wise and district-wise, the particulars of Muslim monuments which stand on the sites and/or have been built with the materials of Hindu temples, and which we wish to recall as witnesses to the role of Islam as a religion and the character of Muslim rule in medieval India. The list is the result of a preliminary survey. Many more Muslim monuments await examination. Local traditions which have so far been ignored or neglected have to be tapped on a large scale.
We have tried our best to be exact in respect of locations, names and dates of the monuments mentioned. Even so, some mistakes and confusions may have remained. It is not unoften that different sources provide different dates and names for the same monument. Many Muslim saints are known by several names, which create confusion in identifying their mazars or dargahs. Some districts have been renamed or newly, created and a place which was earlier under one district may have been included in another. We shall be grateful to readers who point out these mistakes so that they can be corrected in our major study. This is only a brief summary.

Sita Ram Goel
It should be kept in mind that the list below doesn’t include all the temples destroyed by Muslims and converted to mosques. The below is the list of mosques and Dargahs where evidences exists of having been made after destroying the temples at these locations. In many mosques, Muslim rulers were able to eradicate all signs of temples, and hence not given in below list.
Anyone is free to visit the below list of mosques and see the remnants and materials of Hindu temples used in their construction. Archaeological Survey of India should conduct an excavation of below mosques to find out more about the ancient temples in these locations and possible mass graves around the mosque sites.

Amburher
1. Ziarat of Farrukhzad Sahib. Temple materials used.
Badgam
2. Ziarat of Abban Shah in Ghagarpur. Temple site.
3. Ziarat of Sayyid Swalia Shah in Narbai. Temple site.
Bijbehra
4. Masjid. Temple site.
Bumzu
5. Ziarat of Baba Bamdin. Converted Bhimakesava. Temple.
6. Ziarat of Ruknud-Din Rishi. Converted temple.
7. Ziarat farther up the valley. Converted temple.
Gulmarg
8. Ziarat of Baba Imam Din Rishi. Temple materials used.
Gupkar
9. Ziarat of Jyesther and other monuments. Temple materials used.
Hutmar
10. Jami Masjid. Temple materials used.
Khonmuh
11. Several Ziarats. Temple materials used.
Kitshom
12. Two Masjids. Stand amidst temple ruins.
Loduv
13. Ziarat. Temple materials used.
Lohar
14. Ziarat of Sayyid Chanan Ghazi. Temple site.
Lokbavan
15. Garden Pavilion. Temple materials from Lokabhavana Tirtha used.
Marsus
16. Ziarat of Shah Abdullah. Temple site.
Pampor
17. Ziarat of Mir Muhammad Hamadani. Vishnusvamin Temple materials used.
18. Several other Ziarats. Temple materials used.
Pandrethan
19. Masjid. Meruvardhanaswamin Temple materials used.
Sangar
20. Ziarat. Temple materials used.
Sar
21. Ziarat of Khwaja Khizr. Temple materials used.
Shalmar
22. Garden, Pavilion on the 4th terrace. Temple materials used.
Srinagar
Ancient Hindu city converted into a Muslim capital. The following monuments stand on temple sites and most of them have been constructed with temple materials.
23. Ziarat of Bahaud-Din Sahib. Jayasvamin Temple converted.
24. Graveyard and its Gate below the 4th Bridge.
25. Dargah and Masjid of Shah-i-Hamadani in Kalashpura. On the site of the Kali Temple.
26. Nau or Patthar-ki-Masjid built by Nur Jahan.
27. Graveyard near the Nau Masjid.
28. Ziarat of Malik Sahib in Didd Mar. On the site of Didda Matha.
29. Masjid and Madrasa and Graveyard near Vicharnag. On the site and from materials of the Vikramesvara Temple.
30. Madni Sahib-ki-Masjid at Zadibal.
31. Ziarat south-west of Madni Sahib-ki-Masjid.
32. Jami Masjid originally built by Sikandar Butshikan and reconstructed in later times.
33. Ziarat named Nur Pirastan. Narendrasaamin Temple converted.
34. Maqbara of Sultan Zainul-Abidin.
35. Maqbara of Zainul-Abidins mother, queen of Sikandar Butshikan.
36. Ziarat of Pir Haji Muhammad Sahib, south-west of the Jami Masjid. Vishnu Ranasvamin Temple converted.
37. Ziarats of Makhdum Sahib and Akhun Mulla on Hari Parbat. Bhimasvamin Temple converted.
38. Masjid of Akhun Mulla built by Dara Shikoh.
39. Ziarat of Pir Muhammad Basur in Khandbavan. On the site of Skandabhavana Vihara.
40. Graveyard north-east of Khandbavan.
41. Dargah of Pir Dastgir.
42. Dargah of Naqshbandi.
43. Ramparts and Kathi Gate of the Fort built by Akbar.
44. Stone embankments on both sides and for several miles of the Jhelum river as its passes through Srinagar.
45. Astana of Mir Shamsud-Din Syed Muhammad Iraqi.
Sudarbal
46. Ziarat of Hazrat Bal. Temple site.
Tapar
47. Bund from Naidkhai to Sopor built by Zainul-Abidin. Materials from Narendresvara Temple used.
Theda
48. Ziarat near Dampor. Temple materials used.
Vernag
49. Stone enclosure built by Jahangir. Temple materials used.
Wular Lake
50. Suna Lanka, pleasure haunt built by Zainul-Abidin in the midst of the Lake. Temple materials used.
51. Dargah of Shukrud-Din on the western shore. Temple site.
Zukur
52. Several Ziarats and Maqbaras. Temple materials used.

EVIDENCE IS AVAILABLE THAT IN KASHMIR THE ABOVE MENTIONED MOSQUES AND DARGAHS WERE CONSTRUCTED BY DESTROYING HINDU TEMPLES. BUT IN MANY OTHER CASES MUSLIMS SUCCEEDED IN REMOVING ALL TRACES OF TEMPLES FROM THE MOSQUES. IN SUCH CASES ONLY AN EXCAVATION BY ASI WILL REVEAL THE DESTROYED TEMPLES.
WHILE MUSLIMS ASK FOR REBUILDING THE ILLEGAL MOSQUE IN AYODHYA, WHY SHOULD NOT HINDUS DEMAND THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE DESTROYED TEMPLES IN INDIA?
REFERENCE:
1. Hindu Temples: What happened to them by Sita Ram Goel

Himachal Pradesh

List of Masjids in Himachal Pradesh which was built by destroying Hindu temples

LIST OF MOSQUES IN HIMACHAL PRADESH WHICH WERE BUILT AFTER DEMOLISHING THE HINDU TEMPLES

We give below, state-wise and district-wise, the particulars of Muslim monuments which stand on the sites and/or have been built with the materials of Hindu temples, and which we wish to recall as witnesses to the role of Islam as a religion and the character of Muslim rule in medieval India. The list is the result of a preliminary survey. Many more Muslim monuments await examination. Local traditions which have so far been ignored or neglected have to be tapped on a large scale.
We have tried our best to be exact in respect of locations, names and dates of the monuments mentioned. Even so, some mistakes and confusions may have remained. It is not unoften that different sources provide different dates and names for the same monument. Many Muslim saints are known by several names, which create confusion in identifying their mazars or dargahs. Some districts have been renamed or newly, created and a place which was earlier under one district may have been included in another. We shall be grateful to readers who point out these mistakes so that they can be corrected in our major study. This is only a brief summary.

Sita Ram Goel
It should be kept in mind that the list below doesn’t include all the temples destroyed by Muslims and converted to mosques. The below is the list of mosques and Dargahs where evidences exists of having been made after destroying the temples at these locations. In many mosques, Muslim rulers were able to eradicate all signs of temples, and hence not given in below list.
Anyone is free to visit the below list of mosques and see the remnants and materials of Hindu temples used in their construction. Archaeological Survey of India should conduct an excavation of below mosques to find out more about the ancient temples in these locations and possible mass graves around the mosque sites.

Kangra
1. Jahangiri Gate. Temple materials used.

EVIDENCE IS AVAILABLE THAT IN HIMACHAL PRADESH THE ABOVE MENTIONED MUSLIM STRUCTURE WAS CONSTRUCTED BY DESTROYING HINDU TEMPLES. BUT IN MANY OTHER CASES MUSLIMS SUCCEEDED IN REMOVING ALL TRACES OF TEMPLES FROM THE MOSQUES. IN SUCH CASES ONLY AN EXCAVATION BY ASI WILL REVEAL THE DESTROYED TEMPLES.
WHILE MUSLIMS ASK FOR REBUILDING THE ILLEGAL MOSQUE IN AYODHYA, WHY SHOULD NOT HINDUS DEMAND THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE DESTROYED TEMPLES IN INDIA?

Haryana

List of Masjids in Haryana which was built by destroying Hindu temples

LIST OF MOSQUES IN HARYANA WHICH WERE BUILT AFTER DEMOLISHING THE HINDU TEMPLES

We give below, state-wise and district-wise, the particulars of Muslim monuments which stand on the sites and/or have been built with the materials of Hindu temples, and which we wish to recall as witnesses to the role of Islam as a religion and the character of Muslim rule in medieval India. The list is the result of a preliminary survey. Many more Muslim monuments await examination. Local traditions which have so far been ignored or neglected have to be tapped on a large scale.
We have tried our best to be exact in respect of locations, names and dates of the monuments mentioned. Even so, some mistakes and confusions may have remained. It is not unoften that different sources provide different dates and names for the same monument. Many Muslim saints are known by several names, which create confusion in identifying their mazars or dargahs. Some districts have been renamed or newly, created and a place which was earlier under one district may have been included in another. We shall be grateful to readers who point out these mistakes so that they can be corrected in our major study. This is only a brief summary.

Sita Ram Goel
It should be kept in mind that the list below doesn’t include all the temples destroyed by Muslims and converted to mosques. The below is the list of mosques and Dargahs where evidences exists of having been made after destroying the temples at these locations. In many mosques, Muslim rulers were able to eradicate all signs of temples, and hence not given in below list.
Anyone is free to visit the below list of mosques and see the remnants and materials of Hindu temples used in their construction. Archaeological Survey of India should conduct an excavation of below mosques to find out more about the ancient temples in these locations and possible mass graves around the mosque sites.

I. AMBALA DISTRICT
Pinjor
1. Temple materials have been used in the walls and buildings of the Garden of Fidai Khan.
Sadhaura
2. Masjid built in Khalji times. Temple materials used.
3. Two Masjids built in the reign of Jahangir. Temple materials used.
4. Qazion-ki-Masjid (1640). Temple site.
5. Abdul Wahab-ki-Masjid. Temple site.
6. Dargah of Shah Qumais. Temple site.
II. FARIDABAD DISTRICT
Faridabad
7. Jami Masjid (1605). Temple site.
Nuh
8. Masjid (1392-93). Temple materials used.
Palwal
9. Ikramwali or Jami Masjid (1221). Temple materials used.
10. Idgah (1211). Temple material Is used.
11. Mazar of Sayyid Chiragh. Temple site.
12. Mazar of Ghazi Shihabud-Din. Temple site.
13. Mazar of Sayyid Warah. Temple site.
III. GURGAON DISTRICT
Bawal
14. , Masjid (1560). Temple site.
Farrukhnagar
15. Jami Masjid (1276). Temple site.
Sohna
16. Masjid (1561). Temple site.
17. Mazars known as Kala and Lal Gumbad. Temple sites.
IV. HISSAR DISTRICT
Barwala
18. Masjid (1289). Temple site.
Fatehabad
19. Idgah of Tughlaq times. Temple materials used.
20. Masjid built by Humanyun (1539). Temple site.
Hansi
21. Idgah built in the reign of Shamsud-Din Iltutmish. Temple site.
22. Julahon-ki-Masjid built in the same reign. Temple site.
23. Bu Ali Baksh Masjid (1226). Temple site.
24. Adina Masjid (1336). Temple site.
25. Masjid in the Fort (1192). Temple site.
26. Shahid-Ganj Masjid. Temple site.
27. Humayun-ki-Masjid. Temple materials used.
28. Dargah of Niamatullah Wali with adjascent Baradari. Temple materials used.
29. Dargah of Bu Ali Qalandar (1246). Temple site.
30. Dargah of Shykh Jalalud-Din Haqq (1303). Temple site.
31. Dargah of Mahammad Jamil Shah. Temple site.
32. Dargah of Wilayat Shah Shahid (1314). Temple site.
33. Chahar Qutb and its Jami Masjid. Temple materials used.
34. Fort and City Gates. Temple materials used.
Hissar
This city was built by Firuz Shah Tughlaq with temple materials brought mostly from Agroha. which had been destroyed by Muhammad Ghuri in 1192.
35. Lat-ki-Masjid. Temple materials used.
36. Humayuns Jami Masjid (1535). Temple site.
37. Masjid and Mazar of Bahlul Lodi. Temple site.
38. Humayuns Masjid outside Delhi Gate (1533). Temple site.
39. Dargah of Baba Pran Pir Padshah. Temple materials used.
40. Fort of Firuz Shah Tughlaq. Temple materials used.
41. Jahaz Mahal. Converted Jain Temple.
42. Gujari Mahal. Temple materials used.
Sirsa
43. Masjid in the Mazar of Imam Nasir (1277). Temple materials used.
44. Babari Masjid in the Sarai (1530). Temple site.
45. QazIzada-ki-Masjid (1540). Temple site.
V. KARNAL DISTRICT
Panipat
46. Masjid opposite the Mazar of Bu Ali Qalandars mother (1246). Temple site.
47. Babari Masjid in Kabuli Bagh (1528-29). Temple site.
48. Mazar of Shykh Jalalud-Din (1499). Temple site.
49. Mazar of Bu Ali Qalandar (1660). Temple site.
VI. KURUKSHETRA DISTRICT
Kaithal
50. Dargah of Shykh Salahud-Din Abul Muhammad of Balkh (d. 1246). Temple materials used.
51. Shah Wilayat-ki-Masjid (1657-58). Temple site.
52. Jami Masjid. Temple materials used.
53. Madrasa. Temple materials used.
Kurukshetra
54. Madrasa on the Tila. Temple site.
Thanesar
55. Dargah and Madrasa of Shykh Chilli or Chehali Bannuri. Temple materials used.
56. Patharia Masjid near Harsh-ka-Tila. Temple materials used.
57. Chiniwali Masjid. Temple materials used.
VII. MAHENDERGARH DISTRICT
Narnaul
58. Mazar of Pir Turk Shahid or Shah Wilayat (d. 1137). Temple site.
VIII. ROHTAK DISTRICT
Jhajjar
59. Kali Masjid (1397). Temple site.
Maham
60. Pirzadon-ki-Masjid built in Babars reign (1529). Temple site.
61. Humayuns Jami Masjid (1531). Temple site.
62. Qasaiyon-ki-Masjid. Temple site.
63. Masjid (1669). Temple site.
64. Daulat Khan-ki-Masjid (1696). Temple site.
Rohtak
65. Dini Masjid (1309). Temple materials used.
66. Masjid in the Fort (1324). Temple site.
67. Babars Masjid-i-Khurd (1527-28). Temple site.
68. Babars Rajputon-ki-Masjid. (1528). Temple site.
69. Second or Humayuns Masjid in the Fort (1538). Temple site.
70. Masjid at Gokaran (1558). Temple site.
71. Dogron Wali Masjid (1571). Temple site.
72. Mast Khan-ki-Masjid (1558-59) Temple site.
IX. SONEPAT DISTRICT
Gohana
73. Dargah of Shah Ziaud-Din Muhammad. Temple site.
Sonepat
74. Masjid and Mazar of Imam Nasir (renovated in 1277). Temple site.
75. Babars Shykhzadon-ki-Masjid (1530). Temple site.
76. Mazar of Khwaja Khizr. Temple site.
77. Humayun’s Masjid (1538). Temple site.

EVIDENCE IS AVAILABLE THAT IN HARYANA THE ABOVE MENTIONED MOSQUES AND DARGAHS WERE CONSTRUCTED BY DESTROYING HINDU TEMPLES. BUT IN MANY OTHER CASES MUSLIMS SUCCEEDED IN REMOVING ALL TRACES OF TEMPLES FROM THE MOSQUES. IN SUCH CASES ONLY AN EXCAVATION BY ASI WILL REVEAL THE DESTROYED 
WHILE MUSLIMS ASK FOR REBUILDING THE ILLEGAL MOSQUE IN AYODHYA, WHY SHOULD NOT HINDUS DEMAND THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE DESTROYED TEMPLES IN INDIA?

Diu

List of Masjids in Diu which was built by destroying Hindu temples

LIST OF HINDU TEMPLES DESTROYED AND CONVERTED TO MOSQUES IN DIU BY MUSLIMS

We give below, state-wise and district-wise, the particulars of Muslim monuments which stand on the sites and/or have been built with the materials of Hindu temples, and which we wish to recall as witnesses to the role of Islam as a religion and the character of Muslim rule in medieval India. The list is the result of a preliminary survey. Many more Muslim monuments await examination. Local traditions which have so far been ignored or neglected have to be tapped on a large scale.
We have tried our best to be exact in respect of locations, names and dates of the monuments mentioned. Even so, some mistakes and confusions may have remained. It is not unoften that different sources provide different dates and names for the same monument. Many Muslim saints are known by several names, which create confusion in identifying their mazars or dargahs. Some districts have been renamed or newly, created and a place which was earlier under one district may have been included in another. We shall be grateful to readers who point out these mistakes so that they can be corrected in our major study. This is only a brief summary.

Sita Ram Goel
It should be kept in mind that the list below doesn’t include all the temples destroyed by Muslims and which were converted to mosques. The below is the list of mosques and Dargahs where evidences exists of having been made after destroying the temples at these locations. In many mosques, Muslim rulers were able to eradicate all signs of temples, and hence not given in below list.
Anyone is free to visit the below list of mosques and see the remnants and materials of Hindu temples used in their construction. Archaeological Survey of India should conduct an excavation of below mosques to find out more about the ancient temples in these locations and possible mass graves around the mosque sites.

1. Jami Masjid (1404). Temple site.

EVIDENCE IS AVAILABLE THAT IN DIU THE ABOVE MENTIONED MOSQUE WAS CONSTRUCTED BY DESTROYING HINDU TEMPLES. BUT IN MANY OTHER CASES MUSLIMS SUCCEEDED IN REMOVING ALL TRACES OF TEMPLES FROM THE MOSQUES. IN SUCH CASES ONLY AN EXCAVATION BY ASI WILL REVEAL THE DESTROYED TEMPLES.
WHILE MUSLIMS ASK FOR REBUILDING THE ILLEGAL MOSQUE IN AYODHYA, WHY SHOULD NOT HINDUS DEMAND THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE DESTROYED TEMPLES IN INDIA?

Bihar

List of Masjids in Bihar which was built by destroying Hindu temples

LIST OF HINDU TEMPLES DESTROYED AND CONVERTED TO MOSQUES IN UNDIVIDED BIHAR BY MUSLIMS

We give below, state-wise and district-wise, the particulars of Muslim monuments which stand on the sites and/or have been built with the materials of Hindu temples, and which we wish to recall as witnesses to the role of Islam as a religion and the character of Muslim rule in medieval India. The list is the result of a preliminary survey. Many more Muslim monuments await examination. Local traditions which have so far been ignored or neglected have to be tapped on a large scale.
We have tried our best to be exact in respect of locations, names and dates of the monuments mentioned. Even so, some mistakes and confusions may have remained. It is not unoften that different sources provide different dates and names for the same monument. Many Muslim saints are known by several names, which create confusion in identifying their mazars or dargahs. Some districts have been renamed or newly, created and a place which was earlier under one district may have been included in another. We shall be grateful to readers who point out these mistakes so that they can be corrected in our major study. This is only a brief summary.
Sita Ram Goel
It should be kept in mind that the list below doesn’t include all the temples destroyed by Muslims and which were converted to mosques. The below is the list of mosques and Dargahs where evidences exists of having been made after destroying the temples at these locations. In many mosques, Muslim rulers were able to eradicate all signs of temples, and hence not given in below list.
Anyone is free to visit the below list of mosques and see the remnants and materials of Hindu temples used in their construction. Archaeological Survey of India should conduct an excavation of below mosques to find out more about the ancient temples in these locations and possible mass graves around the mosque sites.

I. BHAGALPUR DISTRICT

Bhagalpur
1. Dargah of Hazrat Shahbaz (1502). Temple site.
2. Masjid of Mujahidpur (1511-15). Temple site.
3. Dargah of Makhdum Shah (1615). Temple site.
Champanagar
4. Several Mazars. On ruins of Jain temples.
5. Masjid (1491). Jain Temple site.

Sultanganj
6. Masjid on the rock on the river bank. Temple site.
II. GAYA DISTRICT
Amthua
7. Masjid (1536). Temple site.
Gaya
8. Shahi Masjid in Nadirganj (1617). Temple site.
Kako
9. Dargah of Bibi Kamalo. Temple site.
III. MONGHYR DISTRICT
Amoljhori
10. Muslim Graveyard. Vishnu Temple site.
Charuanwan
11. Masjid (1576). Temple site.
Kharagpur
12. Masjid (1656-57). Temple site.
13. Masjid (1695-96). Temple site.
Monghyr
14. Fort Gates. Temple materials used.
15. Dargah of Shah Nafa Chishti (1497-98). Temple site.
IV. MUZAFFARPUR DISTRICT
16. Zaruha, Mamun-Bhanja-ka-Mazar. Temple materials used.
V. NALANDA DISTRICT
Biharsharif
Muslim capital built after destroying Udandapura which had a famous Buddhist Vihara.
Most of the Muslim monuments were built on the site and from materials of temples. The following are some of them:
17. Dargah of Makhdumul Mulk Sharifud-Din. (d. 1380).
18. Bada Dargah.
19. Chhota Dargah.
20. Baradari.
21. Dargah of Shah Fazlullah Gosain.

22. Mazar of Malik Ibrahim Bayyu on Pir Pahadi.
23. Kabiriud-Din-ki-Masjid (1353).
24. Mazar of Sayyid Muhammad Siwistani.
25. Chhota Takiya containing the Mazar of Shah Diwan Abdul Wahhab.
26. Dargah of Shah Qumais (1359-60).
27. Masjid in Chandpur Mahalla.
28. Jami Masjid in Paharpur Mahalla.
Parbati
29. , Dargah of Haji Chandar or Chand Saudagar. Temple materials used.
Shaikhupura
30. Dargah of Shykh Sahib. Temple materials used.
VI. PATNA DISTRICT
Hilsa
31. Dargah of Shah Jumman Madariyya (repaired in 1543). Temple site.
32. Masjid. (1604-05). Temple site.
Jana
33. Jami Masjid (1539). Temple site.
Kailvan
34. Dargah and Masjid. Temple site.
Maner
All Muslim monuments stand on temple sites. The following are prominent among them:
35. Bada Dargah of Sultanul Makhdum Shah Yahya Maneri.
36. Dargah of Makhdum Daulat Shah.
37. Jami Masjid.
38. Mazar of Haji Nizamud-Din.
Muhammadpur, Jami Masjid (1510-11). Temple site.
Patna
39. Patthar-ki-Masjid (1626). Temple materials used.
40. Begu Hajjam-ki-Masjid (1510-11). Temple materials used.
41. Muslim Graveyard outside the Qiladari. On the ruins of Buddhist Viharas.
42. Dargah of Shah Mir Mansur. On the ruins of a Buddhist Stupa.
43. Dargah of Shah Arzani. On the site of a Buddhist Vihara.
44. Dargah of Pir Damariya. On the site of a Buddhist Vihara.
45. Mirza Masum-ki-Masjid (1605). Temple materials used.
46. Meetan Ghat-ki-Masjid (1605). Temple site.
47. Katra Masjid of Shaista Khan. Temple site.
48. Khwaja Ambar Masjid (1688-89). Temple site.
49. Babuganj Masjid (1683-86). Temple site.

50. Sher-Shahi Masjid near Purab Darwaza. Temple site.
51. Chamni Ghat-ki-Masjid. Temple site.
Phulwarisharif
52. Dargah of Shah Pashminaposh. Temple site.
53. Dargah of Minhajud-Din Rasti. Temple site.
54. Dargah of Lal Mian. Temple site.
55. Sangi Masjid (1549-50). Temple site.
VII. PURNEA DISTRICT
Hadaf
56. Jami Masjid. Temple site.
Puranea
57. Masjid in Keonlpura. Temple site.
VIII. SARAN DISTRICT
Chirand
58. Masjid (1503-04). Temple site.
Narhan
59. Jami Masjid. Temple site.
Tajpur-Basahi
60. Mazar of Khwaja Badshah. Temple materials used.
IX. SHAHABAD DISTRICT
Rohtasgarh
61. Masjid of Aurangzeb. Part of a temple converted.
62. Mazar of Saqi Sultan. Temple site.
Sasaram
63. Mazar of Chandan Shahid Pir. Temple site.
X. VAISHALI DISTRICT
Amer
64. Mazar of Pir Qattal. Temple materials used.
Chehar
65. Fort. Temple materials used.
66. Jami Masjid. Temple materials used.

Hajipur
67. Haji Ilyas-ki- Masjid. Converted temple.
68. Dargah of Barkhurdar Awliya. Temple site.
69. Dargah of Pir Shattari. Temple site.
70. Dargah of Hajiul Harmain. Temple site.
71. Dargah of Pir Jalalud-Din. Temple site.
Basarh
72. Dargah of Pir Miran. On top of a Buddhist Stupa.
73. Mazar of Shykh Muhammad Faizullah Ali alias Qazin Shattari. Temple site.
74. Graveyard. Many tombs built with temple materials.
75. Masjid. Temple site.
XI. DISTRICT TO BE DETERMINED
Hasanpura
76. Mazar of Makhdum Hasan. On the site of a Buddhist Stupa,
Jhangira
77. Jami Masjid. Temple site.

EVIDENCE IS AVAILABLE THAT IN BIHAR THE ABOVE MENTIONED MOSQUES AND DARGAHS WERE CONSTRUCTED BY DESTROYING HINDU TEMPLES. BUT IN MANY OTHER CASES MUSLIMS SUCCEEDED IN REMOVING ALL TRACES OF TEMPLES FROM THE MOSQUES. IN SUCH CASES ONLY AN EXCAVATION BY ASI WILL REVEAL THE DESTROYED TEMPLES.
WHILE MUSLIMS ASK FOR REBUILDING THE ILLEGAL MOSQUE IN AYODHYA, WHY SHOULD NOT HINDUS DEMAND THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE DESTROYED TEMPLES IN INDIA?